Movies Based on Books by Michael Crichton

Susquehanna University Admissions SAT, Acceptance Rate

Susquehanna, in 2016, admitted around two-thirds of applicants; students with good grades and a strong application have a good chance of being accepted. With test-optional policies, the university doesnt require applicants to submit SAT or ACT scores as part of the application. Applicants will need to submit high school transcripts, a personal essay, and a letter of recommendation. For more information, including important guidelines and deadlines, be sure to visit Susquehannas website, or get in touch with the admissions office there. Admissions Data (2016): Susquehanna University Acceptance Rate: 68%Test Scores -- 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Susquehanna University Description: Susquehanna University is a private  liberal arts college  located in the town of Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, about 50 miles from Harrisburg. Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City are all about three hours away. The college is affiliated with the Lutheran Church, but students come from all backgrounds and beliefs. Students can choose from over 50 major programs, and the school boasts of a 13 to 1  student / faculty ratio. Business is by far the most popular field of study. High achieving students should look into Susquehannas interdisciplinary Honors Program. In athletics, the Susquehanna Crusaders compete in the NCAA Division III Landmark Conference for most sports. Football competes in the Liberty League. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 2,195  (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 44% Male / 56% Female97% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $43,720Books: $900 (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,620Other Expenses: $1,340Total Cost: $57,580 Susquehanna University Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 100%Percentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100%Loans: 75%Average Amount of AidGrants: $28,650Loans: $7,748 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Creative Writing, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Psychology Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 83%4-Year Graduation Rate: 69%6-Year Graduation Rate: 74% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Golf, Soccer, Swimming, Lacrosse, Tennis, Track and Field, Baseball, BasketballWomens Sports:  Basketball, Field Hockey, Soccer, Swimming, Softball, Tennis, Volleyball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Susquehanna University, You May Also Like These Schools: Juniata College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIthaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUrsinus College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTemple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArcadia University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphKutztown University: Profile  Dickinson College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBucknell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Scranton: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPennsylvania State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Essay on Articles of Confederation and Articles of...

Perhaps the greatest service rendered by the Articles of Confederation was the impetus its shortcomings gave to those who favored a strong central government. After the Declaration of Independence, there was a sense among Congressman that they wanted a written document creating a government justifying the existence of the United States. The delegates of the Second Continental Congress were attempting to codify arrangements that had never before put into legal terminology. As a result, in late 1777, the Articles of Confederation, creating a loose league of friendship between the thirteen sovereign or independent colonies, were passed by the Congress and presented to the states for ratification. The Articles created a type of†¦show more content†¦Congress functioned as a legislative body to pass laws and executive body to enforce them if needed. Americans had great loyalties to their states and often did not even think of themselves as Americans. This lack of national identi ty or loyalty in the absence of a war to unite the citizenry fostered a reluctance to give any power to the national government. Congress had no specific power to tax. Articles of Confederation did not allow Congress to regulate commerce among the states or with foreign nations. The Articles of Confederation had no provision for judicial system to handle the growing number of economic conflicts and boundary disputes among the individual states. The failure of the Congress to muster an army to put down the Shayss Rebellion provided a dramatic example of the weakness inherent in the Articles of Confederation and shocked the nations leaders into recognizing the new national governments inadequacies. And, it finally prompted several state delegates to meet in Annapolis, Maryland in 1786 to call for a convention in Philadelphia in may of 1787 for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. On the first day of convention , Edmund Randolph and James Madison of Virginia proposed the Virginia Plan. Many delegates, including William Patterson of New Jersey, considered these resolutions to be in violation of the conventions charter, and proposed the NewShow MoreRelatedThe Articles of Confederation and The Constitution1238 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment has been defined by two very important documents. Reflecting on all governments of the past, they laid forth an impressive jumble of ideas that would lead the way to where we are today. These two documents are the Article of Confederation and the U.S Constitution. These two documents of precedent are both similar and unique, each with its own pros and cons, and neither being perfect. Both these documents addressed the prominent vital in national vs. state sovereignty, legislative selectionRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation1373 Words   |  6 Pageswould enforce them? I will address some of the differences between the Constitution and The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were designed and formed from the thirteen states that created a Confederation known as the â€Å"league of friendship†; their goal was to find solutions for problems; and one of the first attempts to create a system. The Articles of Confederation was our nation’s first constitution; during the last years of the Revolutionary war, the government had beenRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution921 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and Articles Analysis The Articles of Confederation and The Constitution were both written I believe to ensue peace in a new nation where great freedoms had just been betrothed upon. Both written within ten years of each other, the main point it was trying to get across was the idea of one nation. They were written by the same people who all in all had similar ideas. There are many differences as well. From the main one being sovereign states, to how many states must approve an amendmentRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution891 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout American history, many Americans assume that too much power is given to one party or the other. The Article of confederation was important in the United States because it affected the way over government functions today. Specifically, under the Article of confederation, the United States was intended to be formed on a basis of Federalism. Within this structure of Federalism, states have their own rights and majority of power with its people. The federal government on the other hand,Read MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1130 Words   |  5 Pages After America won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, the Articles of Confederation were created to serve as the basis of American democracy. Years subsequent to the creation of the Articles of Confederation, delegates from all states, with the exception of Rhode Island, assembled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to mend the weaknesses the Articles displayed throughout its practice. This meeting on Septe mber 17, 1787, resulted in the newly drafted terms for which the United States democracyRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution2035 Words   |  9 Pagesmove forward and unite the thirteen states as a nation. It was then when Continental Congress met up in Pennsylvania and created a secured a document known as the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was written on November 15, 1777, and ratified by all thirteen states on March 1, 1781. When the Articles of Confederation were written it had many goals in mind to set and preserve the country with all its freedoms, keeping America an independent nation. Since the states were comingRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were the earliest constitution of the United States. After the United States became fully independent from Great Britain, following the Revolutionary War, the document was created to outline the functions and management of new nation. However, the document established a very weak central government, instead giving the power to the states. To correct the mistake, a new version of such a document was created: the Constitution, which is still in effect today. (Articles ofRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Constitution remains as relevant today as it did over two hundred years ago. Americans have lived their lives through the law of the Constitution of the United Staes of America for several years. The Constitution has kept our nation together and has kept us strong. â€Å"The Constitution defines the United States of America. This greatest of American documents not only establishes our system of government; it limits the power of that government, specifying our irrevocable rights and privileges asRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation953 Words   |  4 PagesThe first video â€Å"The Constitution Project† – creating a constitution of the founding fathers creating and signing the constitution. This is a large piece of history which because of them, the constitution and the articles of confederation are what make makes Amer ica what it is today, unified. The major learning theme of this video is to understanding what and how these states came together, taxation, laws, and the people behind it. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison to name aRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1461 Words   |  6 PagesJesse Ghuman Jason Stratton US History B17 11/15/2015 The Articles of Confederation The first approved document of the United States was the Articles of Confederation. However, after a few years, the Bill of Rights replaced the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. The Articles began the Constitution but the articles had contained a lot of weaknesses so they had to create a new document. Few of the Article of Confederation goals were to bring the states together and establish a strong

Essay on The Advantages of Communism Over Capitalism

The Advantages of Communism Over Capitalism The purpose of this essay is to prove that Communism is a better form of economic organization, compared to capitalism. I will use the following examples of quality, employment, health care and society, to show why Communism is a better form of economic organization. First of all in a communist regime, people are all equal to each other no matter how educated that person is, in the eyes of the government. For example a Surgeon how is very well educated is equal in status with a peasant farmer because in communism their is no such thing as lower class, middle class and upper class. Eliminating economic boundaries which separate people, benefits the whole society because†¦show more content†¦The decisions which are made especially when their about politics, the consideration is always based, is it good for the whole of society and will society benefit? Now I will begin to discuss why Capitalism is a poor way to administer a economic system. First in a capitalistic system their is no equality people are broken down into groups. Such as lower class people who make under twenty thousand yearly, middle class thirty thousand yearly, upper class one hundred thousand yearly and the Corporate elite who make over a million a year. People are broken down into groups by how much money they make. Depending how much money you make; you will be seen different in the eyes of the government. For example if you are a poor nobody from the lower class, chances are if you walk in to a senators office he will not even see you because you have no money. But if you are a Corporate elite chances are he will see you because you have influence, and influence in a Capitalistic society is money. In a Capitalistic system people are forced to compete against each other to the bitter end. Children are taught in their schools that individualism is the only way to success and only to worry about themselves and not society. So basically children in a Capitalistic system are taught to benefit themselves and not society. Due to this Capitalistic countries face huge problems which plague their cities and small towns.Show MoreRelatedCapitalism Vs. Communism And Communism1266 Words   |  6 PagesRaia Creative Writing 1 5 May 2015 Capitalism vs Communism Throughout history, people have tested many different political systems have a better society. The most common political systems that people have tested are monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, aristocracy and democracy. I will talk about capitalism and communism in this research paper. Both those systems are created to change the economic situation. There have been a huge debate about Capitalism vs Communism. Throughout this research paper, IRead MoreThe Scarcity Of A Resource982 Words   |  4 Pagesout by those who think that the normal state of human beings is that of struggling to get on;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (as cited in Sowell, 2006, p. 10). Mill considered capitalism more useful. Capitalism is defined as â€Å"an economic system in which productive resources are owned privately and goods and resources are allocated through market prices. Many will claim that capitalism is a dominating force that requires individuals to make money for their own survival and that the collective effort of the workers goes to profitRead MoreEssay about Comparing Socialism and Communism 702 Words   |  3 Pagesdramatically. Furthermore, Dinkel noted that most of the western sources blamed this change on the growing abuse of alcohol and poor health care thus the implicit embracement by the Soviet Union authorities. Ideology of socialism and communism Socialism and communism are ideological principles that have many distinguishing features in addition to many shared characteristics; however, it is complicated to distinguish the accurate differences between them, as various societies have tried embarkingRead MoreMarxism-Leninism in Vietnam Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesVietnamese were willing to accept Communism in return for what they had been fighting for over 2000 years: self rule. In 1950 the United States, owing a debt of gratitude towards France, sent several advisors to aid French control in Vietnam. Over the next decade and a half, the United States would send an entire Army and Navy to aid the French in maintaining control in South Vietnam, which had separated from the Communist North Vietnam by treaty in 1954. Communism is when all property and businessRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreEconomic Systems: Capitalism, Communism and Socialism814 Words   |  3 Pagesbusiness and government imposed on the societies and the country. Some of the economic systems are capitalism, communism and socialism. Capitalism is the system under which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. Communism is an economic system in which all the means of pr oduction, land, labor and capital, are owned by the people but private property doesn’t exist. Also, in communism, all the lands are shared equally among everyone. Lastly, socialism is the system which is operatedRead MoreIs Capitalism Good Or Bad?1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe main one is Capitalism. So what is Capitalism? Well, capitalism is an economic and political system where the country’s trade and produce are controlled by the private owners. Like always, there are three different classes in this system. The rich (which own and corporate), the middle class (or workers class) and the middle class (who are enslaved to the system). People at the top of the pyramid, are the ones who control the capitalism. But the main question is that, is capitalism good or bad? TheRead MoreContrasting Views Of Postwar Germany820 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the East and West by building the â€Å"iron curtain†. This can be viewed as the official start of capitalism vs. communism and the Cold War The political ideologies and values were different in the two regions, as well as how the economy developed over the years. Capitalism is an economic system characterized by freedom of the market. Capitalism has many pros to go along with its economy. Communism can be seen as an economic and political system in which production is collectively owned and directedRead MoreWealth By Andrew Carnegie And The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesrich (bourgeoisie). They bring up the pros and cons about inequality, capitalism, and communism. Inequality was in Carnegie s view. In his opinion progress required the processes of competition. Making capitalism an engine of progress. Carnegie believed that there is good to inequality while Marx begs to differ. Marx had his own view on capitalism, he believed that it would eventually result disastrous. Marx believed communism was the best solution to keep both the proletarians and bourgeoisie inRead MoreThe Inequality A nd Inhumane Gap Between The Rich And The Poor936 Words   |  4 Pagescame up with one basic principle: Everyone works according to his ability for the community not for the individual (â€Å"Communism†). For some this idea might be frightening, however, this really is the meaning of being human. Communism was never made to control people or take over small business who are dying to survive. This idea was built so that the rich could no longer take advantage of the poor. Marx spent years of his life trying to come up with the best systematic government in order to protect

Business Subsidiaries Mr. Bean International Private Limited

Question: Describe the Report for Business Subsidiaries for Mr. Bean International Private Limited. Answer: Product Service Factors Mr. Bean is a provider of food and beverage with the goodness of Soya beans added to it. Their range of products are Soya Milk, Soya bean Curd, Soya bean ice creams, grass jelly bowl, grass jelly drink, Milkshakes and pancakes and the like. One cannot ignore the goodness of products made from soybeans. They are rich in fatty acids, fiber, proteins, vitamins and minerals. There are several health benefits of Soya beans such as improving lipid profile, it strengthens and protects blood vessels from lesions and hemorrhage due to its phyto-antioxidant contents. The low sugar content in soya milk as opposed to cows milk encourages weight loss. One cup of soy milk contains approximately 80 calories equivalent to skimmed milk. Mr. Bean provides a healthy package of benefits with their range of products. Venture Mode: Wholly Owned Subsidiary The company Mr. Bean can enter into the Australian market through the Venture mode, very often known and Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS). WOS allows greater control but involves more risk and a higher commitment with regard to resources. WOS offers better management efficiency as compared to other types of ventures. Furthermore, it provides better profits to the company; however, there is a risk from local companies who may see the MNC as a threat to their business. Joint Venture on the other hand may not have adequate resources and may require additional resources to invest in the host country. The profits may need to be shared in times of risks or instability in host country. The firm may also require assistance with additional knowhow from the partner since the company may not have adequate experience to deal with the vulnerabilities of the host country or adequate understanding of the market in the host country. Certain other types of ownership structures include mergers or acquisitions, licensing, franchising and alliances. Wholly Owned Subsidiary is regarded as the most profitable since other models may not give the company the kind of profits it wishes to get and the establishment of the brand may not be that powerful. Furthermore, the risks are not entirely shared in other modes of structuring since the communication and vision is not shared properly. Lastly, mergers and acquisitions often call for cultural differences and transitional cost and it is not applicable in this situation since the company wants to expand in Australia rather than engaging in mergers with existing companies. In the following section we will look into the various conditions under which the firm may decide to invest through Wholly owned subsidiary.If the company owns particular products that have the potential to obtain higher amounts of profits. In case of Mr. Bean they have the potential to grow in the Australian market due to its high demand in the country. A company may set up a WOS company if he is well versed and experienced in his field of business. With regards to Mr. Bean they have been in the market The investment also depends upon the size of the company. If it is large it is more likely to set up a WOS. Technology and the element of Advertising also plays a major role in the decision of setting up a WOS. Mr. Bean has an excellent marketing strategy and the plus point of WOS is that the profits need not be shared with anyone unlike in Joint Ventures there is a potential risk of the profits being shared with the opportunistic partners. Investors also looks at the stability and the element of risk before setting up a WOS. In the case of Australia, it is a very good market for Soybean based products. In conclusion, Mr. Bean may fare well given the favourable market in Australia for soybean products as well as the experience that Mr. Bean holds in the field[2]. Country Analysis of Melbourne, Australia Australia has been trending in the new fad of healthy diet. According to reports, Australian consumers have switched to low- fat and low- sugar drinks and healthier food options. Aerated drinks, sugary juices and many such fatty drinks incurred huge losses in the year 2015, since people made healthy moves with regard to what they eat. According to a study conducted by IBISWorld on Confectionary and Beverage Wholesaling in Australia, Australias consumption of sports, energy and health drinks has been seeing a steep growth in the Australian market due to a more growing consciousness among its consumers[3]. Around the 1990s the demand for soya bean based drinks and food were as low as 25%-30% and there were little or no exports of it at the time. However in recent times with growing awareness to healthy diets and the benefits of soya has enabled soya to create an impression in mainstream markets and has been added as an ingredient in many foods. Consumers are opting for soya milk, soya based drinks to replace many of their regular diet. Furthermore several nutritionist and health care organizations has linked soya to several health benefits such as reducing the risk of heart diseases[4]. Japan is a huge importer of tofu from Australia amounting to about half million tons every year. Australias edible soybeans products are in great demand among many Asian countries. Australias superior record in safety of food, their reputation of high quality, non-GM food products have contributed to its high export opportunity. Due to the expansion of GM food in different parts of the world, the market for Australian soybean products has seen considerable growth. Soybean accounts to $2.5 billion oilseed industry in Australia and is an important industry for Australian farmers. It has also made a valuable contribution to economies of different regions and various other soya manufacturing companies, food manufacturers for soya bean its processing provisions in a number of urban cities and regions. Due to the ability to rotate crops in soybean production there are various benefits to farming and sustainability because it improves soil quality by making it fertile. Several places in Australia have adapted to soybeans such as darling downs and inland river valleys and coastal hinterland. A greater part of Soybean industry is in Queensland and New South Wales, though there is a minimum level of crops grown in other states of Australia. There is a high demand for soy foods, beverages in Australia from different Asian countries such as tofu, soya drinks etc; According to statistics the market for soya has grown from 2.7 million consumers in 1993 to 3.5 million consumers in the year 2008. Migration of Asians, growth in tourism industry and a spread of food preference of Asians across Australia has contributed to such a growth. The demand for Asian food has given rise to the market value of such foods from $1 billion in 1993 to $2.4 billion in 2008. Australian food market has seen a growth due to the above growing statistics which has given rise to its imports[5]. Product Introduction to Australia When it comes to introduction of products of Mr. Bean to Melbourne Australia, it would be preferable to introduce all the products to the country. Considering the demand of the products in the Australian Market, the company could draw larger profits if it is able to introduce all the products in the country. Variety is always appreciated and the products that Mr. Bean has to offer definitely have a special factor added to them. The uniqueness offered by the company will be much appreciated and welcomed in the country. The investment method that the company must consider is that of Horizontal investment. A horizontal investment is one that is taken by an MNC in foreign operations from the perspective of production of the same goods as the company might be producing in the parent country. The investment strategy will help in showcasing the current profits collected by the company through the products and a proposal showcasing the increased profits that the company would be able to make in case it is able to manufacture the same goods and sell them to people of a new country who genuinely have interest in the products provided by the company. Whenever a company manufactures products for its own country, the tastes are set to match up the customer requirements; however, when a company ventures into a new country, it is undoubtedly important to ensure that the tastes and likings of the people in the other country are also considered to ensure that the marketing is successful and the maximum sales are drawn out of the products to ensure a wealthy return on investment by the company. Since Soya is preferred product in the country already, the company might not have to change the base; however, flavors that are already successful from other companies should be considered. Some of these include, strawberry, mango, vanilla, blackcurrant, chocolate etc. The company already has the flavors in its bucket and hence producing them in Australia and selling them should not be much of a problem. Competitive Advantage of Mr. Bean in Australia Mr. Bean as a company definitely has a strong competitive advantage when it comes to Soy products in Australia. The wide range of products that the company is offering are certainly not available in the country as of now. Some of these include, non dairy soya frozen desserts, soya porridge, soya puddings, soya viet coffee, soya rice balls, soya pancakes, grass jelly bowl and more. Although a lot of Soya Beverages are available in the Australian market; however, products and flavors that Mr. Bean has to offer will take the market by a surprise and hence the demand for the products would rise immediately. To conclude, Mr. Bean as a company definitely has a competitive advantage and would be able to make excellent profits if it is able to venture into Australia with the wide range of Soya products that it has to offer. Bibliography Alvarez, Montserrat. Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries Versus Joint Ventures: The Determinant Factors in the Catalan Multinational Manufacturing Case. University of Barcelona. 2003. Chibber, Ankush. Australia Embraces Healthy Drinks and Snacks: Report. Food Navigator. 2012. Editor, Fitday. 6 Health Benefits of Soy Milk. Fitday.com. 2016. Gee, Dennis M. Soybeans in the Australian and Global Market 2011. Soy Australia Limited. 2011. Muhvic, Zlatko. Marketing Plan Summary Sanitarium - Weet-Bix. 2012. Tang, Jingan and Liu, Ben S. A Network based Theory of Foreign Market Entry Mode and Post-Entry Performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science. Vol. 2. 2011.

Occupational Health and Safety Issues free essay sample

Explain how Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) contributes to managing the human resource environment. Use the research literature to outline and discuss at least two current OHS issues that impact human resource management in contemporary organizations. * * * Occupational health and safety are becoming more and more important in term of human resource management. On one hand, managers need to be familiar with the legal context. On the other hand, they also have to keep in mind a development of strategy to manage occupational health and safety. This essay will discuss some current occupational health and safety issues and how they affect human resource management. Occupational health and safety refers to the physical, physiological and psychological conditions of an organization’s workforce, related to aspects of work and the work context. When setting organization’s goal and strategies, managers may have to take to consider occupational health and safety management as an influencing factor. As countries all over the world are integrating in globalization, the change in economic structure also has influence on the way of doing business. When more and more companies move from state-owned to private ones, they may have their own strategy to manage occupational health and safety which is more suitable for their own goal. China is an example. Before, China’s government has authority and is the one who sets regulations on standard conditions of workplace in state-owned company. Since China opened its market to join the global market, a lot of private companies as well as foreign companies were established. This led to the change in government’s laws and regulations related to occupational health and safety. It has been stated in article of Dara (2003) that government rules through unions and associations that also communicate with organizations through smaller ones. Each organization has its own department to take care the conditions related to workplace (usually human resource department). However, this raises another issue among the society. As reported in researches, the problem related to occupational health and safety is still underestimated. Managers and board directors are still considering the profit and outcomes more important than employees’ wellbeing (Meei-shia, 2003, p. 68). Only high demand of employees or legislation from government can affect management decision on occupational health and safety. This can be seen as one of the reasons for an increasing number of work-related stress as well as other diseases. The modern life with the advantage of new technologies may have result in rising stress at work. It can easily be found on jobs that require long time working and much effort such as professionals, science research and managers. There are several reasons that cause stress in workplace. Poor working conditions, high job demands or physical harassment; all of these can lead to work-related stress. Many studies have shown a same result about the effect of long working hour and high demand of work on level of stress of workers. Moreover, as the labor-force is becoming older, younger workers are decreasing; the task for employees will increase. While the number of old labor increased by 4. 2 million, this number of younger workforce decreased by 0. 7 million (â€Å"New and emerging risks in occupational safety and health†, 2009). This can also lead to a high level of depression. It has been argued that because of lack of experience, skills and training, young workers often have to suffer more risk at work (Marie-Amelie, 2009). A major issue that managers have to take to consider in this perspective is how to train young and new labor-force so they will be aware of their rights and duties regarding health and safety. Problems related to occupational health and safety is differing from industries. Heavy industries often observe higher rate of risk than other industries. For example, a study of Hitomi, Bryan and Xabier (2009) on truck drivers’ occupational accidents has shown a relative high percentage of accidents when working on and around the truck. These include stepping off the edge at height (33. 3%), wrong footing (27. 0%), slipping (44. 1%) and so on. Another occupational health and safety issue is that not only it differs from industries but also differs from types of worker. The world is moving; countries are getting closer and closer. Organizations nowadays tend to do their production offshore because the foreign labor cost is much cheaper than local ones. However, foreign managers, as mentioned earlier, usually care more about the profit than occupational health and safety. Similarly, workers who immigrate have to work in unfavorable conditions than local workers. Reports’ results have shown a remarkable high-risk rate of migrant workers compared to local ones. As immigrants, they have to accept hard works with long hour, high demand and poor conditions in order to earn money for their living. For example, a French study revealed that immigrant workers have to face with more risks at work in compared with local workers (Gliber, as cited in Eusebio, 2009). Besides, they often lack of education and information about occupational health and safety at workplace. Differences in language and culture are too factors prevent them from communications related to occupational health and safety. Since occupational health and safety issues are recognized, it is necessary for managers to think about how to manage it along with organizations’ goal and mission. As mentioned earlier, both government and organization should control occupational health and safety. Government can set the standard conditions while organization can have its own management according to its situation. However, the most important factor that contributes to a successful management of occupational health and safety is employees’ involvement. In the research of workplace conditions in China, Dara and Garrett (2003) has emphasized the important role of employees in occupational health and safety. Employees are people who work and face with risks directly at workplace. They know what type of health and safety problem workers often have as well as how to create an ideal working environment. Having workers’ involvement in occupational health and safety management is the best way to do. Employees themselves should be aware of their role in occupational health and safety issues. It is for their own benefit that they take part in occupational health and safety management. They have the right to raise their voice, to make sure that their rights and obligations are protected. Workers’ participation is also one of many factors contributing to a successful occupational health and safety management. In order to encourage workers to take part in occupational health and safety, it needs to have a strong connection between top manager, supervisors and employees. There is number of organizations have failed in occupational health and safety management as they don’t take to consider worker’ involvement in decision-making. The communication gap between employers and employees is one of many impediments to develop a safety workplace. We are living in a dynamic environment that is changing everyday. The advantages of new technologies help people in many aspects. However, occupational health and safety is still one of the issues that people concern the most when doing business. It is still a controversy about how decision-making can help to create a healthy and safety environment. The responsibility not only belongs to managers but also workers who directly experience the conditions of workplaces. Managers should take to consider the occupational health and safety as a contributor to human resource management therefore have contingency plan in decision-making in order to make occupational health and safety management suitable with organization’s goal.

Taps free essay sample

A large, imposing crowd stands before me, some stand with their heads bowed in reverence, others stand staring into the far off distance, looking as if they have nothing in particular on their minds yet their hearts are saluting the fallen heroes of America’s past with solemn, dutiful respect. I wait in painstaking angst in front of these people, my nerves wanting to break out in a nervous frenzy of panic, but calming thoughts and deep breaths forcefully hold them back. These people are remembering a friend, a brother, a father who fought in the name of freedom for the people by the people, and who may have died defending that name. Hearts are solemn this sunny May morning, though my heart may be beating a bit faster than those around me. I take one last deep breath as seven guns are fired three times, I wait for the order to present arms, and finally, when it is called, I raise my trumpet to my lips and play the bittersweet melody of Taps. We will write a custom essay sample on Taps or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is the lullaby for our heroes that I honorably play, for the sacrifices they made in keeping me free. Taps means so much to those who have ever lost a loved one to war; it gives them peace, along with their fallen hero who fell nobly for his just cause. I have played Taps several times now throughout my high school career at various funerals and memorial services. Each time I am reminded of the price it cost our country to be free, and each time I am reminded that the fallen soldier had a family of his own that was left behind to pick up the pieces and move on, yet never to forget what had happened and the respect their child deserves. I never fully understood the severity of playing Taps until after I played it the first time at the funeral for a local hero. There were two Taps players that day, another individual and myself. The other was supposed to stand amongst the crowd and play Taps, then when they finished I was to play the tune from distance, creating the effect of an echo. When I got home from the funeral, it was then I realized how important the task of playing Taps was. I walked out into the kitchen as my father explained in tears to my mother what a wonderful job I had done. I was thirteen years old at the time, and prior to that time I had never seen him cry. I understand the importance of playing Taps and it has impacted me greatly. I have greater respect for the families that have lost a loved one because of war. It hurts to lose anyone, especially in such violent ways such as war. I understand because I’ve seen the 40 year-old hurt my father has had to go through because of the death of his brother in the Vietnam War. I’ve felt the praise and respect my father has for me for my courage and â€Å"nerves of steel† to be able to accomplish such a task. But in my mind playing Taps is not a task, it is an honor, an honor because I am serving my country, an honor because I am paying my respects to the fallen, an honor because I know how much it means to the families. Before I had played I thought Taps was just another common thing, and I merely tossed its importance aside, in fact I didn’t believe that playing Taps was at all important to me. But after seeing the reaction of my father and learning more about my fallen uncle, it means so much. After playing I realized how important the song was, especially to my family who has had to deal with the loss of a loved one due to war. I have a male friend that tries to act as manly as possible, but he confessed to me he cries whenever he hears the song. Its powerful notes have captured me completely, and I am fully aware of how it influences others, not just myself. Taps consists of 24 notes and eight measures. It is one of the shortest songs yet one of the most powerful. It is played at every military funeral across America and it has been for decades. It is a song of solemn reverence and a song of passing. It is a song that has impacted my life because of the things it’s made me recognize that I hadn’t recognized before. The song has shaped my viewpoint about war, that war is truly devastating and unforgiving, yet it is necessary to defend America, to defend me.

Westboro Baptist Church

Table of Contents Introduction Activities of the Westboro Baptist Church Controversy in relation to the 1st Amendment Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Westboro Baptist Church is an independent Baptist church found to the west of Topeka approximately three miles from Kansas State Capitol in the United States of America. It is led by Fred Phelps and its membership is mainly derived from his family. This essay seeks to discuss the problems that are caused by the church.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Westboro Baptist Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will discuss by giving examples why everyone hates them, what makes it controversial, why having them continue what they are doing is a problem, their activities in relation to 1st amendment and how offensive it is within the setup of the society. Activities of the Westboro Baptist Church The church is known for its disorderly conducts and taking an ext reme position against gay marriage. It is particularly hated for its persistent habit of carrying out protests in public places such as churches, schools, and funerals for prominent people and American soldiers killed in Iraq and Afghanistan. The group has also conducted protests outside the United States, including Sweden and an unsuccessful attempt to enter into Britain. However, they managed to enter Canada in August 2008 against the authority’s wishes and protested at the funeral of a young man who was a victim of a cruel murder on a passenger bus. The group’s extremist activities are a threat to the society. Their unfair targeting of some churches such Catholic, Lutheran and schools that they believe to be lenient towards homosexuality only continues to draw condemnation directed at them. This Church does not respect the rights of other religious groups such as the Jewish and Muslim community. In fact, they have recently begun mailing a powerful anti-Semitic DVD t o Jewish organizations and their leaders. They also attacked President Obama in the DVD depicting him as an anti-Christ. Such moves are not only disrespectful but are also misguided as they have created tension between its members and those of other churches. The church is also known for its abnormally strong stance against homosexuality. They often hold anti-gay protests and picket the funerals of gay victims of murder or deaths resulting from AIDS related complications. They once picketed a local appliance store selling Swedish vacuum cleaners which they accused of being sympathetic of gays. They also threatened to picket the production of a play based on the murder of young man known as Mathew Shepherd who was killed by two men because of his sexual orientation.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These activities are a disruption of people’s private businesses and lives and are no t acceptable in any civilized society. Their protests towards fallen heroes such as soldiers killed in Iraq and celebrities such as Michael Jackson and Ronnie James Dio, among others, make them a public enemy. They are also an enemy of the state because they occasionally picket federal courthouses that they deem to be partisan in legitimizing gay marriages. This amounts to interference with the state judicial system. The group is never sympathetic or sensitive and their careless utterances to bereaved families shows that they do not value human lives and are not keen in promoting a sense of unity in the society (Fitzgerald, par. 2). For instance, their criticism of the family members of an 11- year boy who died of brain tumor that they did not teach him to â€Å"obey God† caused great distress to the family within a few hours of the boy’s death. The group’s activities are controversial since their intentions cannot be clearly visualized and comprehended. While t hey claim to be Christians, their actions do not concur with the Christian teachings of preaching peace and forgiveness. For example, the harsh words they utter aimed at grieved families and their violent demonstrations are not Christian. Controversy in relation to the 1st Amendment The activities of Westboro Baptist Church contravene the constitution of the United States of America under the bill of rights as contained in the First Amendment. This law guarantees freedom of religion and right to peaceful assembly. The perennial action by the Westboro church members of attacking other Christian churches and religious organizations such as Muslim and Jews is a breach of other citizens’ right to exercise their freedom. The operation of picketing public gatherings such as funerals is also a violation of people’s right to peaceful assembly. This law therefore gives the government an open opportunity to take action against any mischievous activities of the church against mem bers of the public without fear or favor. It also guarantees citizens protection against organizations with wrong motives, such as those that purport to be the official government religion, that is, it separates state from religion. Conclusion The group’s belief that they are the perfect church and their constant criticism of other religious faiths is seriously offensive to other people and is likely to cause disharmony amongst citizens from different religious background.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Westboro Baptist Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, their interference in other people’s private lives is equally offensive and therefore it is important that this group be monitored closely. It is also imperative that the government respects the constitution and treat all religions equally and in doing so protect the public from dangers imposed by the Westboro Baptist Church amon g other churches or organizations with similar motives. Works Cited Fitzgerald, Walter. â€Å"Interview with Westboro Baptist Church: Hate in the Name of God.† Digital Journal, June 16, 2010. Web. http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/293364 This essay on Westboro Baptist Church was written and submitted by user LordTyger to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The True Meaning of Debate free essay sample

â€Å"Flight crew prepare for takeoff,† the captain of the plane announces over the loudspeaker. Here I am with my seat in the upright position. I am on a four hour flight to Dallas, Texas, en route to the national debate tournament. The Dallas Ten. That’s what they call us. After months of tryouts and practices, I am one of the elite ten debaters representing my school. Our megalomaniacal coach (his words, not mine), stands in front of me, screaming at my debate partner. As his words resonate through the cabin and saliva spatters everywhere, the flight attendant runs over and tries to calm him down. All I hope is that I am not the next target of my coach’s explosive temper. We land just as soon as I finish reviewing Michigan’s â€Å"Gates Counter-Plan.† The topic of the debate is: the U.S. federal government should substantially increase public health assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on The True Meaning of Debate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mr. Miles, who has not smiled since he was twelve years-old, has publicly embarrassed every debater on the plane, except for me. We are in the shuttle, on the way to the hotel, when my time comes. â€Å"MEDIOCRITY IS NOT AN OPTION!† he yells, when I don’t have the answer to his question. A wave of spit drenches those sitting in the rows behind me. I am embarrassed and defeated, as Mr. Miles singles me out in front of the team; I am also determined, now more than ever, to win this tournament. There are twenty minutes until our first round of debate. After the required handshakes and coin flip, it’s time to start the show. I whip out my perpetually-rehearsed 1AC speech and begin. â€Å"Contention 1 with regards to harms, Contention 2 with regards to inherency, Contention 3 with regards to topicality, Contention 4 with regards to solvency, and finally the affirmative plan.† One look at the expressions on my opponents’ faces and I know I have this in the bag. It’s an easy win, and I breeze through the next three rounds. Quarter final time. I present the affirmative case, and I’m on fire. However, upon cross examination, the negative team goes for a sneak-attack: the malficeian theory. The debate rages on and finally the decision is made—my winning streak is over. I sully out of the room with consternation on my face and knot in my stomach. I let down my school, my team, and above all—the coach. During the award ceremony, I receive a trophy for being in the top eight teams of the tournament. Mr. Miles approaches and beckons me into the hallway. I brace myself for the wave of ridicule and saliva. He takes the trophy out of my hand and takes a good, long look. Then he does something that he had never done before. He gives me a smile. â€Å"I’m pleased David,† he says. â€Å"I’m very pleased.† As the words come out of his mouth, a plethora of thoughts rush through me. And I have a moment of realization, an epiphany, if you will. I realize that I am not a debater for anyone or anything else. Not for Mr. Miles and not for a shiny statue. I debate because of all that I receive from the sport. I relish a chance to research a topic and all of its views. I embrace the teamwork that is essential for success. And I embrace the fact that the debate has done more for me than I have for it. The team has made me a proficient speaker and writer, one who can get his point across clearly, with just the right amount of words. Like in this case: 615 words, to be utterly exact.

Photography essays

Photography essays Photography is an art that took many years, and the efforts of many individuals to perfect. Many different people in many different fields contributed to this light writing. Chemists, artists, inventors, and engineers all lending a crafting hand to the art. Photography can be defined as the art of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces (Websters Dictionary, 364). It is both an art and a science. As an art it expresses personal vision, and as a science it relies on technology. A camera is a device that produces a two dimensional copy of a three dimensional scene. Throughout history, photography has greatly changed, as technology has revolutionized. The first camera, the Camera Obscura, was produced in Milan and Humaburg, Germany. It was produced by a mathematics professor in Milan and perfected by two inventors situated in Germany. An inventor born in Waterville, New York, introduced the first every esay to use camera, the Kodak Camera. He was living in Rochester when he created i Photography is an art that took many years, and the efforts of many individuals to perfect. Many different people in many different fields Photography is an art that took many years, and the efforts of many individuals to perfect. Many different people in many different fields contributed to this light writing. Chemists, artists, inventors, and engineers all lending a crafting hand to the art. Photography can be defined as the art of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces (Websters Dictionary, 364). It is both an art and a science. As an art it expresses personal vision, and as a science it relies on technology. A camera is a device that produces a two dimensional copy of a three dimensional scene. Throughout history, photography has greatly changed, as technology has revolutionized. The first camera, the Camera Obscura, was produced in Milan and Humaburg, Germany. ...

Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Essays

Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Essays Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Natasha, a short story by David Bezmozgis, provides prime examples of dysfunctional relationships. The dysfunction could be seen in the very first deal that Berman and Rufus made together. Berman offered to run drug related errands for Rufus in exchange for free drugs and some money (88). When Berman introduced Natasha to Rufus as his little sister, it seemed to Berman that Rufus was paying extra attention to Natasha and disrespected Berman by saying that, With all due respect, Berman, you and her arent even the same species (91). This lead to the final betrayal, where Rufus takes Natasha into his service even though he knew the status of Natasha and Bermans relationship (100). This betrayal in their relationship marked the most significant twist in the story plot. Another one of the clearest examples of a dysfunctional relationship is the one between Fima and Zina. While living together, Zina made Fima sleep in the living room couch (98), a clear sign of a dysfunctional marriage. Zina also tries to suck the life out of Fima. This was foretold in the first few conversations between Berman and Natasha, I feel sorry for him. Shell ruin his life he groans like hes being killed and she screams like shes killing him (88) and prediction came true later on, You saw how she tried to ruin my life and your life and how she was killing your uncle (98). Furthermore, Zina took advantage of Fima by stealing his money, embarrassing and insulting him. No matter what she did, Fima never took up the courage to leave her (98). This relationship helped in enlarging the dysfunctionability between Zina and Natasha. The basis of the dysfunctional relationship between Zina and Natasha stemmed from early age where since the age of eight, [Natasha] had been on her own (Bezmozgis 93). Zina neglected her while she messed around with other men (93). This turned Natasha towards the porn industry at age twelve (93-94). Furthermore, Zina also actively hurts her daughter. When Natasha finds out that Zina is cheating on her husband, Zina does not admit it but instead lashes out at ther daughters involvement with Berman (95). Natasha retaliates by calling her mother, whom she avoids, a whore (88) and is so agitated that she attacks Zina with a break knife (94). One cannot imagine a more dysfunctional relationship than this.

Cemetery Research for Family History and Genealogy

Cemetery Research for Family History and Genealogy The practice of marking the final resting place of a loved one goes back thousands of years. The ancient pyramids are conceivably the greatest example, standing today as a reminder of the ancient Egyptian glorification of life after death. Roman catacombs, a subterranean burial place for early Christians, contained niches where the fully clothed bodies were placed and which were then sealed with a slab inscribed with the name of the deceased, date of death and a religious symbol. Many of the elaborate grave markers erected in the 19th and early 20th centuries were styled after the memorials of the ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian civilizations. Following the first World War, grave markers started to become smaller and less elaborate - plain crosses and simple, upright stone slabs decorated with carvings, symbols and epitaphs. Cemeteries are living lessons in history. People who buried their dead said much about themselves and the ones who had died. While not considered a primary information source, gravestones are an excellent source of dates, birthplaces, maiden names, spouses names and parents names. They can also provide evidence of military service, membership in a fraternal organization and religious affiliations. Why Visit Cemeteries? Why should you visit the cemetery if you already have a birth and death date for your ancestor? Because you never know what you may find. Nearby gravestones can lead you to other family members. Little grave markers can tell the story of children who died in infancy for whom no other records exist. Flowers left on a grave may lead you to living descendants. Other than a few records and documents and, perhaps, some family jewelry or heirlooms, your ancestors tombstone is the only physical evidence of the life they lived. There is nothing in your genealogical research that will connect you to your ancestor more than to stand in the one place on earth which contains their mortal remains and to see important pieces of their life carved into stone. It is an amazing, awe-inspiring experience. Next How to Locate a Cemetery The first step in cemetery research is the obvious one- to learn where your ancestor is buried. Death records will often contain this information, as will obituaries. Published cemetery surveys may list your ancestors. Check with family members and other relatives as well. They will often know of family burial locations or may be able to track down a mention on a mass or prayer card or in the family Bible. Funeral Home Religious Records Funeral homes and morticians can be great allies in helping you to locate cemetery records. Funeral home records may still exist which can contain a wealth of information, including the burial location. Funeral directors will have knowledge of most cemeteries in their area, and may also be able to point you to family members. If a funeral home is no longer in business, then check with other area funeral homes as they may know where the old records are located. If you know your ancestors religious affiliation you may want to try contacting the church in the area where your ancestor lived. Churches often maintain attached cemeteries and also keep records for their members who are buried elsewhere. Turn to the Locals The local genealogical or family history society is a good source for information on local cemeteries. These groups are continually working to preserve valuable cemetery information and may have compiled cemetery indexes or be able to provide clues to little known burial locations, especially family cemeteries. Old local histories can also prove useful in identifying former names and locations for cemeteries which have been moved. Cemeteries Online The Internet is fast becoming a valuable source for cemetery records as well. Many cemetery sites such as FindAGrave and BillionGraves, have online cemetery records, photos, or transcriptions, or use your favorite search engine to search for a specific cemetery. Special geographic place name search engines can also help to locate a cemetery, though the information available on the Internet varies widely by country. The U.S. Geographic Names Information Server, for example, allows you to narrow down your search by selecting cemetery as the feature type. Map Your Way to the Cemetery If you have narrowed down the area, but arent sure which cemetery may contain your ancestor, then maps, especially historical maps, can be of great assistance. Use land, tax or census records to help you pinpoint your ancestors land on a map. You will often find them buried in a nearby cemetery, or even in a family cemetery on their own property. Topographic maps or locality maps may show cemeteries, roads, houses and farms. Even little details such as elevation features can be useful as cemeteries were often erected on high ground. Next What to Take When You Visit the Cemetery When heading out to the cemetery for some tombstone research, a little advance planning can really help to make your visit a success. Best Time to Visit the Cemetery The best time to visit a cemetery is in the spring or fall - especially if it is one which is neglected and overgrown. Brush and grass will not be as high in the spring, which will help you to discern holes, rocks, snakes and other obstacles before you trip over them. Sometimes the season can have an impact on whether you even find the cemetery at all. I have located several family cemeteries in the southeastern U.S. which are situated in the middle of cornfields. Needless to say, it is nearly impossible to find such cemeteries when the corn is taller than you are! What to Bring to the Cemetery The well-dressed cemetery researcher wears long pants, a long-sleeved shirt, sturdy shoes and gloves to help ward off critters such as snakes, gnats, ticks and mosquitoes. If the cemetery is in a wooded or rural location you may also want to bring along a hoe to help cut down brush and a friend or fellow researcher for safety. Even if it is broiling hot when you visit the cemetery, the long pants and sturdy, comfortable shoes are a good idea.   Clues Beyond the Tombstones Whether the cemetery is public or private, you should do a search for existing records. Most commonly known as sextons records (a sexton is a caretaker responsible for the cemetery), these records can include burial registers, plat maps and plot records. These records will vary greatly by country and time period and may not exist, but never assume! A sign outside of the cemetery may be able to point you to its caretaker. Turn to the local phone book to contact area funeral directors or churches. Check with the area library or historical/genealogical society for tips on possible record locations. You may be surprised by what you can find. One last thing - before you visit a private cemetery, be sure to get permission from the land owner!   Plan Ahead for a Successful Cemetery Visit Dress appropriatelyBring paper, several pencils, a camera and plenty of filmConsider bringing optional items such as a digital camera, video camera, tape recorder or handheld computer.Extra batteries for anything that may need them!If you plan to do any tombstone rubbings, then be sure to bring the appropriate suppliesWater, rags and a soft nylon bristle brush for cleaning stones, plus clippers for clearing away grass and brushIf you are looking for unmarked cemeteries, you may want to bring a map so that you can mark their locations as you locate them Next Stories in Stone The highlight of any trip to the cemetery is reading the stones. Once you have taken that irresistible quick peek for your ancestors headstone, however, you should stop and plan out your route around the cemetery. Methodical might be boring, but it greatly decreases your chances of missing something important when youre searching a cemetery for clues. If the cemetery is not too large, and you have enough time, it can be very helpful to make a complete transcription of the cemetery. Even if you only make note of the names and dates on each tombstone, along with their location in the cemetery, this can save you a trip back in the future as well as help other researchers. There is a lot of information and advice available on the proper methods for transcribing tombstones. While these can serve as great reference guides, there is really no need to worry about formality. The important thing is to make a note of everything that you see. Make Your Visit Count Write down names, dates and inscriptions exactly as they appear on the stone. It is very easy to make assumptions in the excitement of the moment, and it will be very beneficial to have an accurate record as you move forward (or backward as the case may be) with your research. Be sure to sketch any symbols that you are unfamiliar with so that you can look them up later. These symbols or emblems may be valuable clues to membership in an organization which may have records about your ancestor. Make a note of the physical relationship between tombstones as well. Family members will often be buried together in the same plot. Nearby graves may belong to parents. Small unmarked stones may indicate children that died in their infancy. Neighbors and relatives may also be buried in adjoining sections. As you make your way around, be sure not to miss the back of the stones as they can also contain important information. Another good way to record cemetery information is to use a cassette recorder or video camera as you move around the cemetery. You can read off names, dates and inscriptions easily and make note of important information, such as when you start a new row. It also provides you with a backup for any written transcriptions that you have made. Pictures are worth a thousand words and are much better for tombstones than chalk or shaving cream. Use hand-held clippers to clear brush away from the stone and then use a nylon (never wire) bristle brush and plain water to clean the stone from bottom to top, rinsing well as you go. A bright sunny day and a mirror to help reflect the sunlight on the stone can really help to bring out the carvings.More: Tips for Taking Great Tombstone Photos Most important for your cemetery visit is to enjoy yourself! Visiting cemeteries is one of the most rewarding parts of genealogy research, so stop and take the time to commune with your ancestors.

The compromised Neonate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The compromised Neonate - Essay Example Results also showed that the time needed for stabilisation of bilirubin levels increases along with the gestational age of the neonate. In addition, despite the various methods employed for the treatment of neonatal jaundice and the wide ranges in the treatment levels used, there has been an overall median plateau of around 72 hours for the stabilisation of bilirubin levels in most of the neonates. However, because the date of the release of the NICE guidelines was in proximity with the release of this article, it can be inferred that the national guidelines were not yet fully disseminated in most hospitals and other neonatal units during the time the participating units were contacted, as suggested by the conclusion of the article in the high variability and wide variations in the threshold levels used among the 72 units contacted by the researchers. ... r this paper since it discusses both the use of phototherapy to treat neonatal jaundice, as well as in discussing the importance of using guidelines in managing bilirubin levels for improving the symptoms of neonatal jaundice. Physiological Jaundice in the Neonate Jaundice is a condition which is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin or broken down red blood cells in various parts of the body, and is most visible as a yellow discolouration in the sclera of the eyes and on the skin starting from the head and moving down to the lower regions of the body (Robertson & South, 2007). The yellow colour is attributed to the inability of the infants’ bodies to rapidly catabolise foetal red blood cells through the liver and to expel these through bowel movement. While there are two forms of bilirubin circulating in the neonate’s blood: the unconjugated bilirubin (fat-soluble) and the conjugated bilirubin (water soluble), it is the unconjugated bilirubin which causes the yellow discolouration due to its fat-soluble nature earning its capacity to enter cellular membranes and becoming deposited in tissues such as the skin, gums, and eyes (Percival, 2002). As a result the bilirubin that builds up in the bloodstream due to the slow breakdown of red blood cell catabolism can reach to about 5-7mg/dL or 85.5-119.7?mol, binding to fatty deposits within the neonatal body and causing the yellow discolouration (Varney, et al., 2004). This amount of bilirubin build-up in the infant’s bloodstream is enough to give off the typical yellow discolouration of the skin among those affected, with the intensity of the colour associated with an increase in bilirubin accumulation. Up to 50% of neonates are typically affected by this condition and usually does not pose grave problems unless

Michel Vinaver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Michel Vinaver - Essay Example When he left Gillette in 1986, he was an acclaimed playwright and writer. The story comes across as a contemporary, issue-based relationship between a mother and her 17-year old son. However, the relationship goes through testing times as a result of the son, 1Philippe's tryst with drugs and his arrest in this connection. His mother, Helena wishes to communicate reason to her son. The stark difference in the attitude of the characters does not need reason. The reasons exist, but they are not tackled in the play. Vinaver takes the scene right across the audience and uncannily tests their power of imagination. Strangely enough the audience comfortably lap up the reason. The scene is right out of the normal home where there is a teenaged son. The catch is in the way the scenes are presented in bits and pieces. The audience is at the edge grappling with the pieces in the jigsaw puzzle when all of a sudden there is a move, a particular scene that provides a breakthrough. The reaction is almost the thrilling climax of a long and difficult journey (Factors Unforeseen). Helena is concerned about her son's misbehavior. However, she is not keen on losing her son and so does everything possible to make him understand without rocking the boat. She does not want to lose him. On the other hand, Philippe is not too keen on snapping the relationship either. His behavior and attitude may show signs of the coming moment when he is all ready to break out of his mother's confining influence. However, he does not do it. What he does is, however, criminal. The disjoint in the big picture is very clear. The audience wants this breach to be cleared. The happy ending is elusive. Vinaver is master stroke player in the realm of presentations. He may not be the ideal narrator. He does not provide a commentary. However, he makes his world by fitting in the pieces rather than do it one-step-at-a-time. He is adept at keeping the audience in humor although he does not allow them to ease down on the suspense. The glass pieces in the kaleidoscope may change in form and colo r. But he uses the time element to project the solutions in sharp, almost quixotic variations. Philippe may do all that Helena does

Formal legal brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Formal legal brief - Essay Example Their demand was that the statute should be declared unconstitutional as it makes impossible to exercise the liberty interest protected under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Both the District Court and then the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit expressed the view that the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution encompasses a due process liberty interest in controlling the time and manner of one’s death, and that the Washington statute is unconstitutional when it applies to terminally ill competent adults who want to hasten their deaths. Whether the Washington state statute which holds that a person who assists in hastening the death of terminally ill people is unconstitutional as it violates the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment? The Washing state statute which holds that a person who knowingly causes or aids another person to attempt suicide is guilty of felony of promoting suicide attempt is not unconstitutional as it does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause. The first point is that the due process clause does not protect the right to commit suicide and hence the same does not allow the right to assist in committing suicide. Secondly, from the legal traditions of the nation and its history, it is evident that the due process clause does not consider the right to assistance in committing suicide as a fundamental liberty interest. First of all, a patient who is suffering from such a terminal illness with extreme pain has no legal barriers to getting such medications which will even cause unconsciousness and hasten death if the main purpose is to help reduce pain. In such a situation, it is unnecessary to answer the question whether a mentally competent person with great suffering and pain has a constitutionally cognizable interest to control his or her own death. Secondly, the liberty as protected under the due process clause does not include

Supply Chain in Netflix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Supply Chain in Netflix - Essay Example Here, the idea came of starting a similar business and bring more diversity and customer friendly policies (New Word City, 2010). The organization’s website was launched in April 1998. The new online version came with a more traditional pay-per-rental model. Customers were charged $4 dollars as rental fee and $2 as postage fee. At the end of 1999, Netflix introduced a monthly subscription concept. The single rental model was dropped in early 2000. Since then, the company has established a reputation on the flat-fee unlimited rentals business model. The model does not have late fees, due dates, per title rental fees or handling fees. The company maintained its extensive, personalized video recommendation system based on reviews and ratings by its customers. Netflix has played a vital role in enhancement of independent film distribution. The organization announced its billionth delivery at the beginning of 2007. By 2009, Netflix was offering more than 100,000 collections on DVD. During this time, the company had more than 10 million subscribers. In 2011, Netflix announced that it had reached more than 23 million subscribers in United States and 26 million all over the world. Revenues had gone in excess of $1.5 billion (Laseter and Elliot, 2012). The video entertainment industry is very competitive. Competition is increasing as new realizations are being established. Numerous companies are joining the industry based on the returns involved. The markets involved include hotels, airlines and theater video entertainment. The market is segmented into several strategic groups. This include sales, brick and mortar rentals, online rentals, DVD vending kiosks, video on demand services and mail-delivery services. Technological advancement is bringing various changes in the industry. The rental portion available from physical rentals is transforming to digital rentals (Sehgal, 2011). This is being provided via streaming channels that are connected through game consol es, set-top boxes and computers. All these applications work to bring the steaming aspect on consumers’ televisions. As a result, viewing is made easier, interactive and enhances availability at all times. Consumers have been divided into two segments. These include convenience consumers and needy consumers. Convenience consumers are young, watch videos when they can and use technology to access various titles. One the other hand, needy consumers are older and less prone to using new technologies. Needy consumers are subject to watching specific programming. Traditional home video entertainment is reaching stasis. For this reason, companies involved in the industry should concentrate on the streaming aspect. This will help in immersing substantial profits, in this competitive industry (Minis, 2011). Netflix is facing stiff competition from other players in the industry. New entrants are coming with new ideologies that are taking the industry with a storm. They are building on the loopholes that exist in at Netflix. The company needs to review its business models so as to operate profitably for as long as possible. Supply Chain Description Netflix has a varied supply chain. This is based on the nature of operations being conducted. Various ways have been diversified to help reach the consumers. Among the supply chain used by the company, is the internet and postal system. The company has instituted online DVD rentals. Members only need to chose their desired collections

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic management - Essay Example By using the SWOT analysis (Yelken, et al., 2012, p.267) that was carried out by the Global Data company over the company, we are able to understand the company’s strengths, opportunities, weaknesses as well as threats. The analysis reveals its strengths as extensive operating network and branding offerings. The company however has the major pull back to her operations being the enormous losses it has continuously suffered though it has opportunities to expand in her operations and increase the market share. Moreover, it has other threats, which include high competitive pressures as well as over-stringent regulations. However, there is the need to evaluate the strategic plans that the company has in place in regulating and propelling its operations (Global Data company, 2013, para 1). The company has a well-written strategy concerning the way of developing and exploiting a further competitive front within its pub as well as brewing sector. This strategic vision is based on the already existing positions in the market, its employee’s capabilities as well as skills together with its traditionally designed model of business, which is vertically integrated. Moreover, the company has a business target drive to continuously outperform other players within the market in the different segments of her operations. The company has a well established investment program, which champions its way in selecting business sites, and thus developing newer restaurants. The company claims to undertake thorough analysis before establishing new pub buildings which are modern and appropriate in terms of trading and which offer the customers convenience and value for the services. The company establishes fair, long-lasting and transparent kind of agreements with its licensees which rent their leased and tenanted pubs. It also enjoys long life expertise and experience in operating leases premises. Moreover, this company offers provisions for long-term lease agreements to th e licensees and offers pricing mechanisms on free trade as well as free-of-tie options. In order to underpin the operational development within her managed facilities, Marston company operates under a plan called the ‘F-plan’, which refers to food, females, forty/fifty some things and families. The plan was developed and adopted back in 2006, and was meant to have long-term effects. The company also enjoys designing differentiated brew brands purely designed to increase the consumers demand as well as providing greater range of choices to consumers. The company has exploited the niche in the country through well-organized distribution of her products across the entire country from the running five breweries. In financial terms, the company has huge debts, which comprises 90% long-term debts which are secured through its wide distribution of free hold assets in terms of pubs and which fetches low interest rates. However, the current strategy and target is to reduce the n et debt by a ratio stipulated by EBITDA to see off at least a five times reduction capacity is realized within three years. This is postulated to be aided by raising return to capital across the entire group’s operations (Marston’s, nd, para 1-5) Strategic management refers to the analysis of major initiatives and programs undertaken by the management of a company on behalf of the entrepreneurs revolving the effective use of resources as well as general performance

Proving Establish Liability For Each Offence Essay Example for Free

Proving Establish Liability For Each Offence Essay Archie is employed to protect the pheasants on Lord Melchetts estate from poachers. On day, from a distance he sees Liam and Craig on the estate and, knowing them to be poachers, he decides to rid himself of the problem for all time and fires his shotgun at them. Both Liam and Craig are only wounded, however, but do need to be taken to hospital for treatment. On the way to the hospital, the brakes on the ambulance fail, it leaves the road and overturns on a bend and Liam dies in the accident. With reference to the case situation above, discuss, using decided cases to support you arguments: a) The offences, if any, with which Archie could be charged and what the prosecution would need to prove to establish liability for each offence; (20) b) And whether you think Archie would be convicted of any offence. (5) a. In relation to the death of Liam, there is the possibility that Archie would be charged under homicide. Archie carried out the apt actus reus of homicide, whereby he has committed an unlawful killing in the Queens peace in the county of the realm and death occurs within 1 year and 1 day. Although Liam died only in the accident, the main cause for his death was Archie shooting at him. As such, Archie has provided for the cause in fact, according to the but-for test, where if but-for Archie, Liam would not have died. Contrary to R v. White, where the defendants mother died not from his poisoned drink but from a heart attack, Archie caused Liams death. Furthermore, Archie also undertakes the cause in law, as Liams wound is both substantive and operative. This is because it was Archies action that caused the injury (substantive) and this injury was still present at the time of Liams death (operative), as in R v. Malcherek Steel, where it was held that original injuries were still an operative cause of victims death. However, it may be argued that a Novus Actus Intervenis, an intervening event, caused Liams death and that Archie is not the main cause. This is only partially true, as the ambulances break failure was the last event of the chain of causation and causing Liams death. Yet, Archie can still be held liable if it can be established that there was a break in the chain of causation, however, there is none. Thus, the ambulance accident was merely a negligent contribution, as in R v. Benge, and Archies act is the cause of Liams death. According to the mens rea of murder, proof of intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm must be shown, as established in R v. Moloney, holding that intention may be inferred from the defendants foresight of consequences. Here, the charge will depend on Archies intention, which might be deduced from the words that he muttered: rid himself of the problem for all time. As such, Archie knew the consequences of his actions, and had an intention to carry it out. Yet if this is the case, it must also be considered why Archie didnt actually carry out his apparent intention, to rid himself of the problem for all time, as he did not actually get rid of (ie. kill) them. However, if this is not the case, it can be said that Archies intention can be found if he foresaw death or GBH as a virtually certain consequence, as in R v. Woollin. It is also not known where and the number of times Archie shot at Liam and Craig, as this would confer an indication of any considerable intention. If Archies shooting was limited, perhaps one or two in the leg, then it can be said he had no intention to kill, but just an intention to frighten. If he only had an intention to frighten, then his act is already an unlawful act in itself, as it is dangerous and is foreseeable to cause harm. This is true with Archie, and he also had the intention to commit the unlawful act, as in R v. Lamb, where the defendant did not have the mens rea to kill, but only to shoot the gun. Archies act was also dangerous, likewise in R v. Church where it was held that dangerous would mean a reasonable man realizing the risk of creating some harm. In DPP v. Newbury Jones, it is said that if the accused intentionally commits a dangerous and unlawful act, causing harm or incidentally, the death, of another, he is then guilty of constructive murder. Therefore, in relation to Liams death, Archie can be liable for constructive manslaughter. In relation to the injuries sustained by Craig, there is the possibility that Archie will be charged under Section 20 of the Offences Against Persons Act 1861. The actus reus required here is merely wounding, as defined in JJC v. Eisenhower as breaking of the skin(skin here meaning any surface of the human body) or inflicting grievous bodily harm. The mens rea necessary includes a malicious intention and a foresight of physical harm. This foresight must involve the possibility of some physical harm to a person, as in R v. Mowatt. Archie, thus fulfills both the actus reus and mens rea for S20 of the OAPA. However, Archie may also be charged under Section 47 and Section 42. Under S47, Craig has to be seen to have sustained actual bodily harm, defined in R v. Miller as any harm calculated to interfere with persons health and comfort. Under S42, Archie has to be seen to put another person in fear of immediate personal violence and has touched another without their consent. If this can be established, Archie would be liable for Section 20 (Offence involving wounding/GBH), Section 47 (Common assault, battery GBH) and Section 42 (Assault battery) of the Offences Against Persons Act 1861. b. In the case of Liams death, Archie would be charged for murder. However, this is rather difficult to prove, as the mens rea required for murder involves proof of intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm as established in R v. Moloney. Thus, he would not be convicted of murder, but rather involuntary manslaughter, with constructive liability. As for Craigs injuries, Archie would be charged under Section 20 of the OAPA. Further charges might include Sections 47 and 42. The conviction under Section 20 is undeniable, but for Section 47 and 42, it is only highly plausible.

Potential Problems In Raising Brand Awareness

Potential Problems In Raising Brand Awareness Product Branding Using relevant examples from the public, non-profit and private sectors, discuss the reasons why different types of organizations might consider branding to be the most important aspect of their product or service. What are the potential problems with building brands? One thing in common between Coca-Cola, McDonald, Disney, Nike, Sony, and Microsoft is that they all have powerful brands that are recognised all over the world. The well-established brand names have helped these companies generate enormous fortune. There is little doubt that brand names are the most valuable assets for many companies. For this reason, there are still many companies that are struggling to build their brand names and the majority of today’s large companies have taken the legacy of existing brands in order to make them more competitive. For example, although mineral water is an undifferentiated product, Nestle acquired Perrier for $2.5 billion because of the Perrier’s long established brand name that carried a charm invaluable to Nestle. There has been a growing interest in the value of brand names. As of 1993, the most valuable brand name was Coca-Cola with an estimated worth of $36 billion (Owen 1993). The world’s10 most valuable brands in 2006 we re (in rank order): Coca-Cola, Microsoft, IBM, General Electric, Intel, Nokia, Toyota, Disney, McDonald, and Mercedes-Benz. Coca-Cola’s brand value was $67 billion, Microsoft’s $57 billion, and IBM’s $56 billion. With these well-known companies, brand value is typically over one-half of the total company market capitalization (Business Week 2006). The reasons for such high worth of brand names include: (1) the costs of new product launch reaching approximately $100 million and high failure rates; (2) the reluctance of consumers to buy unfamiliar new products; and (3) high returns successful brands yield (Aaker 1991). Today’s successful companies have launched brands that create a wealth of perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, and experiences to turn a product and name into something to which the consumer relates. Their branding strategy has been developed to meet the needs and desires of consumers (Stobart 1994; Kochan 1996). The focus of this essay is to look the reasons why most organizations considered branding as the most the important aspect of their products or services as well as looking at the potential problems when building a brand. What is a Brand? There is little doubt that brands are at the heat of marketing and business strategy. Strong brands can make companies win in today’s highly competitive marketplace. One may question, â€Å"How did a brand originate?† and â€Å"What does a brand mean?† The aim of this part is to answer these two questions and to examine the implications for branding. The Origin of a Brand According to Nilson (1998), the term â€Å"brand† originated from the Scandinavian word for â€Å"branna’,† meaning â€Å"to burn a mark on something.† The Swedish word for fire is â€Å"brand.† In the earliest days of farming, farmers or ranchers put their symbols on the cattle with the help of a hot iron in order to assert their right to ownership (Kochan 1996; Nilson 1998). Since then, branding has been used in order to claim someone’s ownership of a good or service. Literatures show that the first example of branding is the manufacture of oil lamps in the Greek islands. During this time, people bought a primitive form of oil lamp, but the quality of the lamp varied. People could not tell between a good and bad lamp when they made purchase. For this reason, craftsmen in one Greek island started to put a special symbol on their long-lasting lamp so that people can distinguish their products from less-lasting lamps produced by others. They branded their goods so that they could differentiate their product and, presumably, charge a premium price (Nilson 1998). Similarly, today many companies seek to build brands so that consumers can pick their products not those of others. The Definition of a Brand According to Brassigton and Pettitt a brand is the â€Å"creation of a three-dimensional character for product, defined in terms of name, packaging. Colours, symbols etc., that helps to differentiate it from its competitors, and helps the customer to develop a relationship with the product† (Brassigton and Pettitt 2003, p. 1099). Some experts have, however, argued that it is dangerous to adopt one single definition of a brand because there are many other things to be taken into account. They insist that brand definitions should be categorised under six headings: (1) visual; (2) perceptual; (3) positioning; (4) added value; (5) image; and (6) personality (Nilson 1998). In addition, we need to look at other meanings in order to have a better understanding of a brand. There are two representative models – brand image and brand identity that are different from each other. Brand image refers to the image of a brand that exists in the minds of consumers as a result of all the information they have received about the brand, from experience, word of mouth, advertising, packaging, service and so on; the information is modified by selective perception, previous beliefs, social norms, forgetting (Randall 1997). Companies can control their brand images as long as they understand the essence and expression of their brand. The four dimensions form the essence at the centre. The brand identity, such as the brand’s name, logo, colours, tagline, and symbol (Kotler 2003), becomes strong only when the four dimensions support each other constantly. If any quadrant is weak, or sending conflicting messages, then resulting image in consumers’ minds will be confused (Randall 1997). Reasons why most organizations consider branding to be the most important aspect of their products or service: A brand is a necessity for a business and – whether the manager likes it or not – a business will have a brand profile. Working closely with the brand, rather than in the classical business sense of leaving it to the customers to work out what to think about the company, will give the organization some distinct advantages. The importance of branding in a private organization can be summarized in two categories: first it is financially beneficial for the company, and second it gives the employees a sense of purpose. For the purpose of boosting morale, a brand that the employees can be proud of, and feel a sense of belonging to, can have considerable positive effect on the morale in a company (Nilsoon 1998). One example is the Virgin group where founder Richard Branson’s very high profile and clear statements about company purpose serve as morale booster for the whole group. Similar effects appear to be at play at Microsoft, where a strong sense of identity with the company – and consequently with the brand – pushes employees to high levels of productivity and, not least, loyalty (Nilson 1998). For profit making purposes, a strong brand in a private sector creates barriers to entry. The stronger the brand values of the leading brands in a sector, the stronger the reputation of the main competitors and the more difficult it is for other players to enter the market. Brands also often represent continuity which is important in the sense of keeping customer relations. Having a strong brand does create economies of scale, not least in communication. A well-established and correctly built brand will in an instant communicate a distinct set of values (such as trustworthy, reliable and leading-edge) much quicker and more effectively than any expensive commercial (Nilson 1998). Branding helps a firm to introduce a new product that carries the name of one or more of its existing products, because buyers are already familiar with the firm’s existing brands. For example, Heinz regularly introduces new tinned products. Since consumers are used to buying the brand and have a high regard for its quality, they are likely to try the new offerings. Branding also facilitates promotional efforts because the promotion of each branded product indirectly promotes all other products that are similarly branded (Dibb et al 1997). Branding also helps seller by fostering brand loyalty. Brand loyalty is a strongly motivated and long decision to purchase a product or service. To the extent that buyers become loyal to a specific brand, the company’s market share for that product achieve a certain level of stability, allowing the firm to use its resources more efficiently. When a firm succeeds in fostering some degree of customer loyalty to a brand, it can charge a premium price for the product (Dibb et al 1997). For example, Consumers are loyal to buy Armani because they appreciate its status and fashionable values, and Apple computers because they appreciate their creative and human values. These values reflect and enhance the consumer’s sense of him/himself and provide a key source of brand differentiation (Kochan 1996). Similarly, the importance of branding in the public sector cannot be under-estimated. While it remains an essential part in the day to day running of private sectors for the purpose of maximising profits, the profit making purpose is however less significant with public sectors. A distinct example of branding in the public sector is the NHS. Rather than being portrayed as a brand for profit making, the aim of the NHS is provide adequate health care service for the nation. Due to the virtual non-existence of an aim of making profits, there is little or no competition for the NHS, therefore there ought to be other reasons for their various forms of branding. A significant example of the essence of branding for the NHS is their association with life saving ventures such as safe sex practices and â€Å"quit smoking† campaigns (Lecturer’s Note 2006),. The various steps taken by the NHS to encourage safe sex practices through the television and newspaper adverts ensure that t hey are easily associated with any life saying adverts and their â€Å"NHS† brand once seen on TV means a life saving advert is coming on. Even though, this is not fore the sake of making profits but people start taking them more seriously, likewise what they preach, thereby achieving the ultimate goal of saving lives (Lecturer’s Note 2006). Like the private companies, they spend some money on adverts and branding but more emphasis is on profit making by the private companies than the public companies. Essentially, branding is a way of getting attention and developing a relationship with target audiences and this is especially important for public organizations with little or no aim of profit making. The competitiveness brought about by branding in the public sector is therefore targeted at getting audiences rather than making more profits than private companies (Colyer 2006). Furthermore, branding for non-profit making organizations is as important as those for private and public organizations albeit with a slightly different aim and approach. The aim of competition is as important for non-profit making organizations as it is important for private organizations. Branding here is therefore aimed at building a better relationship with supporters, thereby establishing greater trust in the organization. Interestingly, it may be surprising to find out that competition among non profit making organizations such as various charities may be as fierce as private organizations. This competition is however aimed at making one’s charity the most important in the minds of the people than other charities. For example, the impact of branding by the NSPCC may be the outstanding factor that determines if to donate money to them rather than the heart foundation. Similarly, the charities we choose to support may be borne out of the fact that a significant aspect of i ts branding appeals to us more than other types (Lecturer’s Note 2006). While most charities aim to save lives, the branding may be geared towards making the life saving purpose more urgent than others. The different Tsunami charities set up in 2004 after the Tsunami tragedy as part of their branding gave vivid views of devastating events in Asia as they set out to outdo one another in donations, even though they were for the same course. In this case, the competitive nature of branding may be said to be, to generate as much funds as possible for a similar course rather than for making profits (Mitchell 2005). Potential problems in raising brand awareness The power of a well-known brand name, supported by strong advertising, is so great (and long lasting) that 20 of the top 25 leading brands in 2005 were also among the top 25 in 2006. But companies are finding it increasingly difficult to attract the customer’s attention and create brand awareness because of the clutter of new products, brands, and advertising in the environment. Thus, approximately 90% of new products are pulled from the market within two or three years of their introduction. Most of them failed for lack of name recognition – consumers were just not aware of them (Morgan 1999; Bulkeley 1991). The risks of creating a new brand are so great that many companies are developing so-called line extensions. Rather than developing a new brand name, marketers are applying their existing, well-known brand name to new products. Red Bounty (with dark chocolate), Coca-Cola Light, and Ariel Colour are but a few well-known examples. Building name recognition can be very difficult and very expensive, especially for small companies. Market leaders often command budget upon 10 times greater than smaller companies. For instance, Nike and Reebok spend about $100 million. Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola can afford to spend hundreds of millions of dollars on extensive advertising campaigns (Pereira 1991). Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers Customer Factors Some customers like to seek variety in their experience; they get bored with the same product or life experience. Other customers like change and variety and are happy with old. The variety-seeking customers may switch from one brand to another, not because they are dissatisfied with the first brand’s performance and other values, but rather simply for the sake of change and variety. The more variety seeking a customer is, the less brand loyal he is likely to be (Sheth et al 1999). Conclusion In conclusion, the key to developing a brand vision is to assess the values of the organization, distil them into a vision and not tamper or interfere with the vision’s simplicity and power. Consistency and clarity are all-important. Coke forgot the strength and simplicity of its existing product values when it tried re-launching its much loved product under the banner of ‘New Formula’ (Coca cola Seminar Video 2006). Conversely, Mars understood perfectly its existing product values when it launched Mars ice cream on the back of the Mars bar. Design and presentation of the product flows from the values. Coherence is once again the name of the game. The presentation of the packaging, the use of the logo, the typeface all need to accord with the brand values and be internally consistent with Cost effectiveness (Nilson 1998; Kochan 1996). Nevertheless, it is clear that branding plays an important role in the private; public as well as non-profit sector. However, a com pany raise profit if it builds a strong brand name. The company can benefit if consumers buy its brand in preference to other brands, and it gains more benefits if this preference maintains for long periods. If customers perceive one brand as superior, then they become less sensitive to price. Rather, they will be willing to pay more for the brand they like. Such brand loyalty allows the company to charge more and thus generate healthy cash flows. It also makes it harder for competitors to enter the market. Building a brand has become concern for every business. Brands are, therefore, at the heart of marketing and business strategy. References Aaker, D. A., (1991), Managing Brand Equity: Capitalising on the Value of a Brand Name, New York: The Free Press Business Week, (2006), ‘The Worlds 10 Most Valuable Brands’, http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_32/b3744003.htm Colyer, E., (2006), ‘Branding in public’, http://brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=310#more Kochan, N., (1996), ‘The World’s Greatest Brands’ London: McMillan Business, 1996, pp. x-xi Kotler, P., (2003), Marketing Management, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Lecturer (2006), ‘Lecturer’s handout and Coca cola Seminar video’ Birkbeck College Mitchell, B. (2005), ‘Make Poverty History – passion statement’, http://brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=249 Morgan, A., (1999), Eating the Big Fish, New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc Nilson, T. H., et al., (1998), Competitive Branding: Winning in the Marketplace with Value-Added Brands. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Nissim, B., (2004), ‘Nonprofit Branding: Unveiling the Essentials’, http://www.guidestar.org/DisplayArticle.do?articleId=833 Ourosoff, A., (1994), ‘Brands: What’s Hot? What’s Not?’, Financial World, Aug. 1994, pp. 240-55 Owen, S., (1993), ‘The Landor Image Power Survey: a Global Assessment of Brand Strength’, in Brand Equity and Advertising, ed. Aaker, D. A., et a. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Pereira, J., (1991), ‘Name of the Game: Brand Awareness’, The Wall Street Journal, 14 Feb. 1991, pp. B1, B4 Randall. G., (1997), Branding, London: Kogan Page Sheth, J. N., et al, (1999), Customer Behaviour: Customer Behaviour and Beyond. Fort Worth: The Dryden Press Stobart, P., (1994), Brand Power, London: The Macmillan Press Ltd